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Lillian Gish
Lillian Diana Gish 〔Although there are unsupported claims that the Gish sisters were born with the surname "de Guiche", in fact their surname at birth was "Gish". According to ''Lillian Gish: Her Legend, Her Life'' (2001), a biography by Charles Affron: "The Gish name was initially the source of some mystification. In 1922, at the time of the opening of ''Orphans of the Storm'', Lillian reported that the Gish family was of French origin, descending from the Duke de Guiche ... ()uch press-agentry falsification was common."〕(October 14, 1893 February 27, 1993) was an American actress of the screen and stage,〔(Lillian Gish - ''North American Theatre Online'' )〕 as well as a director and writer whose film acting career spanned 75 years, from 1912 in silent film shorts to 1987. Gish was called the First Lady of American Cinema, and she is credited with pioneering fundamental film performing techniques.〔(AFI: 1984 Lillian Gish Tribute )〕 Gish was a prominent film star of the 1910s and 1920s, particularly associated with the films of director D. W. Griffith, including her leading role in the highest-grossing film of the silent era, Griffith's seminal ''The Birth of a Nation'' (1915). At the dawn of the sound era, she returned to the stage and appeared in film infrequently, including well-known roles in the controversial western ''Duel in the Sun'' (1946) and the offbeat thriller ''The Night of the Hunter'' (1955). She also did considerable television work from the early 1950s into the 1980s and closed her career playing, for the first time, opposite Bette Davis in the 1987 film ''The Whales of August''. In her later years Gish became a dedicated advocate for the appreciation and preservation of silent film. Gish is widely considered to be the greatest actress of the silent era, and one of the greatest actresses in cinema history. Despite being better known for her film work, Gish was also an accomplished stage actress, and she was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1972. ==Honors == The American Film Institute named Gish 17th among the greatest female stars of Classic American cinema. She was awarded an Honorary Academy Award in 1971, and in 1984 she received an AFI Life Achievement Award. Gish, an American icon, was also awarded in the Kennedy Center Honors.
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